Since April 2014 Donetsk and its surrounding areas have been one of the major sites of fighting in the ongoing Donbas War, as pro-Russian separatist forces battle against Ukrainian military forces for control of the city and surrounding areas. Renamed Donetsk in 1961, the city today remains a centre for coal mining and for the steel industry. In 1929 Stalin was renamed Stalino, and in 1932 the city became the centre of the Donetsk region. During Soviet times, the city's steel industry expanded. In 1869 the Welsh businessman John Hughes founded a steel plant and several coal mines in the region, and the town was named Hughesovka or Yuzovka (Юзовка) in recognition of his role ("Yuz" being a Russian-language approximation of Hughes). The original settlement in the south of the European part of the Russian Empire was first mentioned as Aleksandrovka in 1779, during the reign of the Empress Catherine the Great.
In 2012 a UN report ranked Donetsk among the world's fastest depopulating cities. The density of heavy industries (predominantly steel production, chemical industry, and coal mining) determined the city's challenging ecological situation. Donetsk has been a major economic, industrial and scientific centre of Ukraine with a high concentration of heavy industries and a skilled workforce. Donetsk is adjacent to another major city, Makiivka, and along with other surrounding cities forms a major urban sprawl and conurbation in the region. Īdministratively, Donetsk has been the centre of Donetsk Oblast, while historically, it is the unofficial capital and largest city of the larger economic and cultural Donets Basin ( Donbas) region. According to the 2001 Ukrainian Census, Donetsk was the fifth-largest city in Ukraine. The population was estimated at 905,364 (2021 est.) in the city core, with over 2 million in the metropolitan area (2011). While internationally recognized as in Ukraine, the city is under the de facto administration of the Donetsk People's Republic, which claims it as its capital city. ^ The population of the metropolitan area is from 2004.ĭonetsk ( UK: / d ɒ ˈ n j ɛ t s k/ don- YETSK, US: / d ə ˈ n( j) ɛ t s k/ də- N(Y)ETSK Ukrainian: Донецьк, romanized: Donećk ( listen) Russian: Донецк ), formerly known as Aleksandrovka, Yuzivka (or Hughesovka), Stalin and Stalino ( see also: cities' alternative names), is an industrial city in eastern Ukraine located on the Kalmius River in the disputed area of Donetsk Oblast. The settlement was established in lands of Yevdokim Shydlovsky, who received them upon destruction of the Zaporizhian Sich in 1775. ^ Donetsk was founded in 1869 as a workers' settlement Yuzovka around the metallurgical factory of the Welshman John Hughes. Bochum, Charleroi, Kutaisi, Pittsburgh, Sheffield, Taranto, Moscow, Vilnius
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